Hepatitis means "inflammation of the liver".
Hepatitis C essentially means an infection with the virus Hepatitis C.
Hepatitis C virus does not damage the liver. Liver damage occurs due to the body’s immune system trying to fight the Hepatitis C virus. Liver damage can be measured by blood tests such as an Alanine Aminotransferase test (also known as SGPT).
If liver damage is prolonged, the liver becomes scarred (liver cirrhosis), which can lead to liver failure, liver cancer and early death.
All these complications are potentially life-threatening.
Hepatitis C virus size = 0.000 004cm
There are an estimated 150 million carriers of the Hepatitis C virus in the world, with over 500,000 to 750,000 dying annually from HCV-related liver disease.
In Singapore, the prevalence rate is about 0.2%.
Most patients do not have symptoms of Hepatitis C, and do not feel different from normal.
By the time the symptoms develop, liver damage is usually severe.
It is important to note that the absence of symptoms does not mean Hepatitis C or liver damage is under control.
Symptoms of acute infection are:
Symptoms of severe liver damage may include:
As Hepatitis C is usually asymptomatic, the only way to diagnose Hepatitis C is by a simple blood test.
A positive anti-HCV blood test (antibody to Hepatitis C) means contact with the Hepatitis C virus. In order to confirm active infection, the HCV RNA test (another blood test) will be conducted. A positive anti-HCV test, and a negative HCV RNA test indicates clearance of an infection with Hepatitis C previously.
A negative anti-HCV test would imply that the person does not have Hepatitis C infection.
There is no vaccine to prevent Hepatitis C infection.
The only method to prevent infection is to avoid risk factors for Hepatitis C infection such as tattoos and intravenous drug abuse.
Today, with the availability of potent antiviral medications, all patients should be evaluated for treatment. With early detection and appropriate therapy, most patients can be cured of the disease.
All persons with Hepatitis C should undergo regular medical follow-up. The purpose of which is to check for liver cancer, and any active liver inflammation. During follow-up, an ultrasound will help to screen for liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. Early detection of liver cancer gives the best chance for cure. Blood tests should be done routinely and include liver function tests to detect liver inflammation, and alpha fetoprotein for liver cancer.
Patients are advised to avoid alcohol and traditional medicines as these substances may cause additional liver damage. Patients should notify their doctors of their Hepatitis C diagnosis and go for routine medical checkups.
The following individuals are at risk of Hepatitis C:
In Singapore, the majority of Hepatitis C patients are intravenous drug users.
There is no vaccine to prevent Hepatitis C infection.
The only method to prevent infection is to avoid risk factors for Hepatitis C infection, such as tattoos and intravenous drug abuse.
Click here to access our Find A Doctor directory for a list of doctors treating this condition across our NUHS institutions.
